Voltage Drop Calculator

Calculate voltage drop, drop percentage and voltage at the load for copper or aluminium wire by gauge, current, phase and run length. Free, instant, no signup.

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Formula: Vdrop = k × I × (R/1000 × L) • k = 2 (1φ) or √3 (3φ)
  • I = load current (amps)
  • R = conductor resistance per 1000 ft
  • L = one-way run length (ft)

How to use the Voltage Drop Calculator

  1. Enter your values. Fill in the fields with your numbers.
  2. Calculate. Press Calculate to run the voltage drop calculator.
  3. Use the result. Copy the result or try a related tool next.

Why use our Voltage Drop Calculator

Instant results. Enter your figures and the voltage drop calculator returns an answer in seconds.
Free & private. Runs in your browser — no signup, and nothing is sent to a server.
Accurate. Uses standard formulas so you can rely on the numbers.

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About the Voltage Drop Calculator

The Voltage Drop Calculator estimates how much voltage a conductor loses between the panel and the load over a given distance. Every wire has resistance, so by the time current reaches a far-off pump, light, or EV charger, the voltage at the device is lower than what left the breaker. You enter the conductor material (copper or aluminum), wire size, one-way run length, current in amps, and the system type (DC, single-phase, or three-phase AC), and the tool returns the volts dropped, the voltage delivered at the load, and the drop expressed as a percentage of source voltage.

Reach for this tool whenever a run is long, the current is high, or both. Drops inside a typical house are usually negligible, but feeding a detached garage, a well pump 300 to 500 feet away, landscape lighting, or a sub-panel in an outbuilding is exactly where conductors get undersized. The National Electrical Code recommends keeping voltage drop under 3% on a branch circuit and under 5% across the combined feeder and branch path. Checking the number before you pull wire prevents dim lights, motors that struggle to start, and the cost of re-running an undersized cable.

Under the hood the calculator uses the standard resistivity formula. For single-phase and DC circuits the drop is 2 x I x rho x L / A, and for three-phase it swaps the leading 2 for the square root of 3 (about 1.732), since the return path differs. Here I is current, L is one-way length, A is the conductor cross-sectional area, and rho is resistivity: roughly 1.72 x 10^-8 ohm-meters for copper and 2.65 x 10^-8 for aluminum. Larger wire means more cross-section, lower resistance, and less drop. That is why upsizing the conductor is the usual fix.

Results are an engineering estimate, not a substitute for a stamped design or local code sign-off. The math assumes a steady load current at a typical conductor temperature and does not model motor inrush, harmonics, power factor below unity, or elevated ambient heat, all of which can worsen real-world drop. For motor and pump circuits, plan for the startup surge, not just running amps. Everything is computed in your browser, so the wire sizes, lengths, and loads you type are never uploaded or stored on a server.

Frequently asked questions

What is an acceptable voltage drop?

The NEC recommends a maximum of about 3% on a branch circuit and 5% across the feeder and branch circuit combined. These figures are guidance in Informational Notes rather than hard rules, but most electricians treat them as best practice, and local inspectors may enforce them.

Why do I enter one-way length instead of the round trip?

You enter the one-way distance from the source to the load, and the formula accounts for the return path automatically: it multiplies by 2 for single-phase and DC, and by the square root of 3 for three-phase. Doubling the length yourself would overstate the drop.

Copper or aluminum, which has less voltage drop?

For the same wire size, copper drops less voltage because it has lower resistivity (about 1.72 versus 2.65 x 10^-8 ohm-meters for aluminum). Aluminum can still be used, but you typically need to step up one or two wire sizes to match copper's performance on a long run.

How do I reduce voltage drop that's too high?

The most common fix is using a larger conductor, since more cross-sectional area means less resistance. You can also shorten the run by relocating the panel closer to the load, split the load across multiple circuits, or, where feasible, raise the supply voltage.

Does voltage drop waste energy?

Yes. The voltage lost in the wire is dissipated as heat, known as I-squared-R loss because it rises with the square of the current. On long, heavily loaded runs this wasted heat adds up as higher energy costs and warmer conductors, so reducing drop improves efficiency.

From our blog

How to Read Your BMI Result (and What It Can't Tell You)

By the Super Simple Digital Tools Team · Updated June 2026

Body Mass Index was created as a population-level statistic, a simple way to compare weight relative to height across large groups. That origin explains both its strength and its weakness: it is fast and consistent, but it was never designed to judge any single individual's health in isolation. When you read your own result, keep that framing in mind. The number is a rough map, not the territory, and it works best as a conversation starter rather than a final answer.

The adult category bands are fixed and easy to remember. A BMI under 18.5 is underweight, 18.5 to just under 25 is the healthy range, 25 to just under 30 is overweight, and 30 or above is obesity, which clinicians further divide into Class 1 (30 to under 35), Class 2 (35 to under 40) and Class 3 (40 and over). The World Health Organization uses these same cut-offs internationally, and also notes lower thresholds for some Asian populations, where weight-related risk can rise at a BMI as low as 23.

The most important thing to understand is what BMI leaves out. It uses only height and weight, so it cannot see body composition. A rugby player and an inactive office worker of the same height and weight will get an identical BMI, even though one carries dense muscle and the other carries more fat. Pregnancy, older age with reduced muscle, and differences in bone structure all bend the meaning of the same number. This is why a single BMI reading should never be treated as a diagnosis.

To get a fuller picture, pair your BMI with measurements that capture where and what kind of mass you carry. A waist measurement, a waist-to-height ratio, or a body fat estimate each add information that BMI alone misses, particularly around abdominal fat, which is more closely tied to metabolic risk. Tracking your weight trend over weeks and months is also more telling than any single snapshot, because the direction of change often matters more than one number on one day.

Used sensibly, the BMI Calculator is genuinely useful. It gives you an instant, repeatable benchmark you can recheck whenever your weight changes, and it puts a quoted BMI figure into plain language. The healthy move is to note your category, look at it alongside how you feel and other simple measurements, and raise anything that surprises you with a healthcare professional who can interpret it in the context of your full history.

  • Measure your height and weight at a consistent time, ideally in the morning before eating, so repeat checks stay comparable.
  • If you lift weights or train seriously, check your body fat percentage or waist size alongside BMI, since muscle inflates the BMI number.
  • Watch the trend, not the single reading: a slow shift in BMI over months tells you more than one day's value.
  • For anyone under 20, use a child-and-teen percentile chart instead of this adult calculator, because growing bodies are judged by age and sex.

Read the full guide →

Tool by the Super Simple Digital Tools Team. Reviewed by our editorial team. Free to use, no signup required.

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